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Gas
That state of matter which has neither independent shape nor volume. Gas expands to fill the entire container in which it is held. Gas is one of the three forms of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
Associated
Free natural gas in immediate contact, but not in solution, with crude oil in the reservoir. Also called "gas cap gas."Casinghead
Unprocessed natural gas produced from a reservoir containing oil; natural gas produced with oil from oil wells. Sometimes called "Braden- head gas," "oil well gas," "wet gas," or "solution gas."Coal
Manufactured gas made by distillation or carbonization of coal in a closed coal gas retort, coke oven or other vessel.Coal Bed
Gas found in or released from coal deposits.Company-used
Natural gas consumed by a gas distribution or gas transmission company or the gas department of a combination utility, e.g., fuel for compressor stations, etc.Compressed
Natural Gas used in vehicles and in other applications not related to a pipeline.Conventional
Gas produced under present-day technology at a cost not greater than the current market value.Cushion
The natural gas required in a gas storage reservoir to maintain a pressure sufficient to permit recovery of stored gas. Also called BASE GAS.Deep
Natural gas found at depths greater than the average for a particular area; for NGPA purposes deep gas was natural gas found at depths of more than 15,000 feet, and was not price-regulated.Deregulated
Natural gas no longer subject to sales and/or price regulation, pursuant to the NGA, NGPA and NGWDA.Dissolved
Natural gas in solution in crude oil in the reservoir.Dry
Natural gas whose water content has been reduced by a dehydration process. Also natural gas containing little or no hydrocarbons commercially recoverable as liquid product.Fuel or Fuel Use
Natural gas used by a pipeline as fuel for its compressors to operate its system (typically retained by the pipeline to meet this operating requirement).Liquefied Natural (LNG)
Natural gas that has been super cooled under pressure to - 259ø F. It remains a liquid at -116ø F and 673 psia. LNG occupies 1/600 of the space occupied in the vapor state at standard conditions and is almost pure methane.Liquefied (or Liquid) Petroleum (LPG)
Hydrocarbons that are gases at normal temperatures and pressures but that readily turn into liquids under moderate pressure at normal temperatures; e.g., propane and butane.Marketable (Merchantable)
Raw natural gas from which impurities have been removed so that the natural gas meets the quality specifications of the pipeline transmission facility that will receive it for transportation to market. Also called PIPELINE QUALITY GAS.Must-Take
Natural gas supplies committed to a purchaser under terms such as drainage protection or reservoir protection clauses or other provisions that absolutely obligate a purchaser to take natural gas from a supplier.Native
Natural gas in place in a producing reservoir when the reservoir is converted into a natural gas storage reservoir.Natural
A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases (mainly methane, CH4) found in porous geologic formations beneath the earth's surface, often in association with petroleum.Non-Associated
Free natural gas not in contact with, or dissolved in, crude oil in the reservoir.Oil
A gas resulting from the thermal decomposition of petroleum oils, composed mainly of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrogen.Pipeline Quality
See GAS, MARKETABLE and GAS, RESIDUE.Raw
Unprocessed or partially processed natural gas. See also GAS, WET.Regulated
Natural gas subject to sales and/or price regulation pursuant to the NGPA.Residue
That portion of the natural gas stream which remains after the extraction of ethane and heavier liquid and liquefiable hydrocarbons, impurities and less fuel, incidental losses, by-passed natural gas and natural gas reserved by a seller under a gas purchase agreement.Shut-In
Natural gas that could be produced, but the production of which is curtailed due to state conservation orders (pro-rationing), unfavorable economics, lack of buyers at existing prices, failure of committed buyers to take natural gas or other reasons that result in natural gas not being produced.Solution
See GAS, CASINGHEAD.Sour
Natural gas which in its natural state contains such amounts of compounds of sulfur as to make it impractical to use, without purifying, because of the corrosive effect of the sulfur compounds on piping and equipment.Sweet
Natural gas which in its natural state contains such small amounts of compounds of sulfur that it can be transported or used without purifying with no deleterious effect on piping and equipment.Synthetic Natural
Methane obtained from sources other than naturally occurring reservoirs of natural gas, such as by heating coal, refining heavier hydrocarbons or processing garbage or other organic materials. Gases other than natural gas or liquid or solid hydrocarbons converted to a gaseous fuel of heat content, compatibility and quality equivalent in performance to that of natural gas.Tight Sands
Natural gas contained in rock with low permeability, requiring enhanced and expensive production techniques. Under the NGPA, natural gas from designated tight sands formations qualified for incentive sales prices.Unaccounted-For
The difference between the amount of natural gas delivered to a pipeline for transportation and that redelivered by the pipeline, taking into account fuel, plant shrinkage and imbalances. Differences include leakage or other actual losses, discrepancies due to meter inaccuracies, variations of temperature and/or pressure and other variants, particularly billing lag. Pipelines typically levy a charge of a portion of each shipper's natural gas to cover losses.Unconventional
Natural gas which must be produced by means other than current technologies.Vehicular Natural (VNG)
Natural gas used as fuel to power passenger and freight vehicles.Wet
Unprocessed natural gas or partially processed natural gas, produced from strata containing condensable hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons in solution.
Gas-Flow
A set of standard record formats supporting the electronic data interchange of files, established by a joint Task Force of the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA), the Council of Petroleum Accountants Society (COPAS) and the American Gas Association (AGA).
Gas Inventory Charge (GIC)
A charge paid by a buyer to its supplier for holding natural gas supplies ready to be delivered to the buyer.
Gas-Reserves
Natural gas in natural underground formation in wells, fields or pools.
Gas Transported for Others
Natural gas owned by another company received into and transported through any part of a pipeline transmission system under a transportation agreement.
Gasification
Any of various processes by which coal is turned into natural gas.
Gas Turbine Plant
A plant in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. A gas turbine typically consists of an axial-flow compressor which feeds compressed air into one or more combustion chambers where liquid or gaseous fuel is burned. The resulting hot gases are expanded through the turbine, causing it to rotate. The rotating turbine shaft drives the compressors as well as the generator, producing electricity.
Gathering Line
Network-like pipeline that transports natural gas from individual wellheads to a compressor station, treating or processing plant or main trunk transmission line. Gathering lines are generally relatively short in length, operate at a relatively low pressure, and are small in diameter.
Gathering Station
A compressor station at which natural gas is gathered from wells by suction because wellhead pressure is not sufficient to produce the desired rate of flow into a transmission or distribution system.
Generating Unit
Any combination of physically connected generator(s), reactor(s), boiler(s), combustion turbine(s) or other prime mover(s) operated together to produce electric power.
Generation
The process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy such as steam, heat or falling water. Also, the amount of electric energy produced, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (mWh).
Gross Generation
The total amount of electric energy produced by the generating units at a generating station or stations, measured at the generator terminals.
Net Generation
Gross generation less the electric energy consumed at the generating station for station use.
Generation Company (Genco)
A regulated or non-regulated entity (depending upon the industry structure) that operates and maintains existing generating plants. The Genco may own the generation plants or interact with the short-term market on behalf of plant owners.
Generator
A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Generally rated in terms of real power (megawatts) and reactive power (Megavars) output or in terms or real power output (megawatts) and power factor. Generators require a source of mechanical energy input (typically a turbine) and ancillary equipment to interface with the transmission network. Also, a person or firm that operates a generator.
Genco
The term used for that portion of a functionally disaggregated electric utility's business that involves the production of power which is operated separately from any other power functions which the utility owns or operates.
Geothermal
Power generated from heat energy derived from hot rock, hot water or steam below the earth's surface.
Geothermal Plant
A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine, driven either by steam produced from hot water or by natural steam that derives its energy from heat found in rocks or fluids at various depths beneath the surface of the earth. The energy is extracted by drilling and/or pumping.
Giga-NOPR
A slang term referring to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in the electric power industry that launched the FERC's efforts to implement full open access of the electric transmission system. Docket No. RM 95-8-000. It is parallel to "Mega-NOPR", which was used to describe Order No. 636, which substantially completed the move to open access of the natural gas pipeline industry.
Gigajoule
A unit of energy equaling 943,213.3 Btu.
Gigawatt (GW)
One billion watts.
Gigawatt-hour (GWh)
One billion watt-hours.
Grade Gas Revenue Accounting Data Exchange
A system for the electronic communication of natural gas production and sales data between companies in the energy industry.
Graduated Rate
See INVERTED RATE STRUCTURE (GRADUATED RATE).
Grandfather Clause
A clause in a contract which maintains the prior rule or policy where a new rule or policy would otherwise be applicable.
Graveyard
Light load hours. The time of the day when an electric power system would experience its lightest load, usually in the middle of the night.
Greenfield Development
Development of a new power generating facility.
Greenhouse Effect
The increasing mean global surface temperature of the earth believed to be caused by gases in the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbon). The greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.
Grid
The layout of the electrical transmission system or a synchronized transmission network.
Gross Actual Generation
Actual number of electrical megawatt-hours (MWH) generated by the unit during the period being considered.
Gross Available Capacity (GAC)
Greatest capacity at which a unit can operate with a reduction imposed by a derating.
Gross Dependable Capacity (GDC)
GMC modified for seasonal limitation over a specified period of time.
Gross Maximum Capacity (GMC)
Maximum capacity a unit can sustain over a specified period of time when not restricted by seasonal or other deratings.
